Background: The number of female heads of the household has increased due to the extensive social and demographic changes of the Iranian society in recent years. Some previous studies have shown that these women have low psychological well-being. The positive point is that previous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of interventions based on psychological capital and mindfulness on the psychological well-being of female heads of households, However, no specific research comparing the effecacy of two educational interventions of psychological capital and mindfulness on the psychological well-being of female heads of households was found. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effecacy of training based on psychological capital and mindfulness on the psychological well-being of female heads of households. Method: The method of this research was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all female heads of households in Shiraz city who had a file in the Shiraz city welfare office and at the same time their CHILDren were studying in schools covered by the 2nd district education office of Shiraz city in 2022-2023. Among the female heads of households in the statistical community, 45 women were selected as available and then randomly divided into three groups of 15 including two experimental groups (training based on psychological capital and treatment based on mindfulness) and a control group. The research tool included psychological well-being questionnaire (Ryff, 1989). The first and second experimental groups were subjected to training based on psychological capital (Luthans, 2007) and mindfulness-based therapy (Baer et al., 2006) during 8 90-minute sessions, But the members of the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was done using univariate covariance analysis and SPSS-24 software. Results: The findings indicated that training based on psychological capital and treatment based on mindfulness are both equally effective in improving the psychological well-being of female heads of households (P=0.976). Conclusion: According to the results obtained in the present study, it seems that psychologists and counselors can use the method of training based on psychological capital and mindfulness therapy in order to improve the health and increase the psychological well-being of women heads of households

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of CHILD-parent RELATIONSHIP therapy in enhancing self-efficacy and improving MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP. The study design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, control group, and follow-up. The study population consisted of all MOTHERs with 3 to 5 year-old CHILDren attending to Tehran kindergartens. 30 MOTHERs were selected among MOTHERs who had received low scores in CHILD-Parent RELATIONSHIP Scale (Pianta, 1992) and Parenting Self-Agency Measure (Dumka et. al, 1996). MOTHERs completed the scales in pre-test, post-test and follow-up steps. The data were analyzed using repeated measurement analysis of variance. Based on the results, CHILD-parent RELATIONSHIP therapy significantly increased parental self-efficacy. It also resulted in a significant increase in overall score of CHILD-parent RELATIONSHIP scale and closeness dimension and a significant reduction in the dependency and conflict dimensions. It seems that CHILD-parent RELATIONSHIP therapy is an effective intervention in increasing parental self-efficacy and improving CHILD-parent RELATIONSHIP.

Objectives: The parent-CHILD RELATIONSHIP is one of the strongest predictors of a CHILD’s adjustment during adulthood. Many hearing-impaired CHILDren have normal hearing families, and this issue adversely affects the parent-CHILD RELATIONSHIP; however, studies on interventions have focused on high-risk clinical specimens.Methods: The effect of the Faranak parent-CHILD program (Persian version of Parent-CHILD MOTHER Goose Program) on the quality of MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP has been evaluated in this study, which involved families having preschool, hearing-impaired CHILDren. A group of 14 MOTHERs with hearing-impaired CHILDren participated in this 12-week program. The control group received no training. Both groups were asked to complete the Gerrard parent-CHILD questionnaire before and after the intervention program to assess their RELATIONSHIP with their CHILDren before and after the program.Results: The MOTHERs who were part of the experiment group reported many positive changes in their RELATIONSHIP with the CHILD during the program.Discussion: The Frank Parent-CHILD MOTHER Goose Program could help families with hearing-impaired CHILDren in this 12-week community-based program, wherein parents learned skills that affect the RELATIONSHIP between MOTHER and CHILD.

Introduction: Studies show that 60% of working women are struggling with work-life balance. Which most of the problems are related to MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP The present study aims at studying the psychological dynamics of women's employment on their MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP. The purpose of this study is theoretical explanation of women's employment in MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP. Methods: The present paper was part of a grounded theory study. The research participants were based on theoretical sampling of 14 married women working in Yazd city and were interviewed indepth and unstructured interviews. The sampling process continued until theoretical saturation In this study, open coding, axial coding and selective coding were used to analyze data in so doing, data collection and analysis were done simultaneously. Results: The findings were presented through careful study of the research interview transcriptions, the main propositions, concepts, main categories, and finally, the core category in a long, precise, detailed, and conceptual process. Consequently, this study included 30 concepts, 13 main categories, and one core category, titled as "MOTHER guilt feeling ". Conclusion: The present study showed that although some women employed in the face of the challenges of employment in the MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP have used positive strategies that have had a positive effect such as "increasing CHILD age and satisfaction". But there were more negative consequences for working MOTHERs. Because they are faced with the duality of roles and responsibilities, working MOTHERs also think that their absence may result in harm to their CHILDren when they are not involved with their CHILD. Thus, in accordance with this process and the causal factors, the underlying and the confounding conditions, the phenomenon of " MOTHER guilt feeling " is formed.

Introduction: The CHILD needs an appropriate environment for growth and development. An environment where parental care is the key to achieve the desired development. The purpose of this study was to develop of compassion-based education package on MOTHER-CHILD interaction and its effectiveness on MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP and parental stress improvement. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with running pre-test and post-test. 40 MOTHERs were selected among all MOTHERs with CHILD aged 2 to 7 years old in kindergartens and preschools in Tehran. They were selected based on the research entering criteria and two-stage cluster random sampling. They were randomly put into experimental group and control group. The experimental group was under the education based on compassion therapy for eight 90-minute sessions. The parent CHILD RELATIONSHIP scale (Pianta) and Parental stress scale was used to assess stress in the parent-CHILD system. The Data was analyzed by covariance analysis method and SPSS software version 22 were used. P <0. 05 was considered significant. Results: The findings of this study showed that educational intervention in the variables of proximity (P=0. 001), dependence (P=0. 001), conflict (P=0. 042), and overall positive RELATIONSHIP (P=0. 038) and all of the parents' stress variables, except for the depression variable (P=0. 228), could lead to a significant reduction in the performance of the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test. Conclusions: In general, the results of this study indicated that the compassion-based education program resulted in improvement of MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP and improvement parental stress in MOTHERs.

Background and Aim: Considering the existing concern on increasing caries and the importance of sweetness impact on it. The aim of this study was to determine the RELATIONSHIP between sweetness preference and dental caries among pre-school MOTHER/CHILD pairs in Tehran, 2004.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 120 pairs of pre-school CHILDren and their MOTHER (240 samples) using descriptive design and random cluster sampling. The levels of dmft/DMFT were measured on WHO indices and sweetness preference was measured by modified sweet preference inventory. The related factors included sex, type of pre-school, parents' age, occupation and education, and MOTHER's marital status. The correlation between MOTHER-CHILD sweetness preferences was measured by Spearman correlation coefficient, the RELATIONSHIP between sweetness preference and the level of caries was assessed by Kruskal-Wallis method and DMFT/dmft correlation was judged by Pearson's relation.Results: Correlation between sweetness preference of MOTHER and CHILD was 0.14. There was no significant RELATIONSHIP between the levels of dmft/DMFT and CHILDren's dmft were 48.5±8.53 and 3.66±3.5, respectively and their correlation was 0.02. Conclusion: No significant RELATIONSHIP was found between sweetness preference and the amount of caries in MOTHER/CHILD pairs. In other words, sweetness preference plays no role in MOTHER/CHILD caries.

Background: MOTHER-CHILD bonding is rooted in the affective RELATIONSHIP between MOTHER and CHILD that is shaped during pregnancy and leads to the mental growth of infants. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the RELATIONSHIP between MOTHER-CHILD bonding and maternal mental health in Ilam. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 300 MOTHERs in Ilam were selected using a two-stage cluster sampling method. The demographic characteristics questionnaire, the MOTHER-infant bonding scale, Spielberger anxiety inventory, and edinburgh postnatal depression scale constituted the data collection instruments in this study, which were completed in the eighth to tenth postnatal week. Data were analyzed in SPSS via descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) and inferential tests (t tests and ANOVA). Results: The results of this study revealed that the mean and standard deviation of the obtained MOTHER-CHILD bonding scores were 38. 48 12. 86. Weakened MOTHER-CHILD bonding and risk of CHILD abuse comprised the highest and lowest frequencies, respectively. MOTHER-CHILD bonding had a statistically significant association with MOTHERs’ state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression, and these variables affected MOTHER-CHILD bonding (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: Considering the RELATIONSHIP between MOTHER-CHILD bonding and maternal mental health, proper screening is required to pursue secondary prevention in pregnant MOTHERs. In addition, it is essential to perform necessary interventions to improve maternal mental health to facilitate better MOTHER-CHILD bonding.